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Art valuation
Art valuation, an art-specific subset of financial valuation, is the process of estimating the potential market value of works of art and as such is more of a financial rather than an aesthetic concern, however, subjective views of cultural value play a part as well. Art valuation involves comparing data from multiple sources such as art auction houses, private and corporate collectors, curators, art dealer activities, gallerists (gallery owners), experienced consultants, and specialized market analysts to arrive at a value. Art valuation is accomplished not only for collection, investment, divestment, and financing purposes, but as part of estate valuations, for charitable contributions, for tax planning, insurance, and loan collateral purposes. This article deals with the valuation of works of fine art, especially contemporary art, at the top end of the international market, but similar principles apply to the valuation of less expensive art and antiques.
==Historic valuation and contemporary art==
The source of a work's artistic charisma has long been debated between artists who create and patrons who enable, but the charismatic power of artworks on those who would possess them is historically the initial driver of value.〔Balfe, Judith, Ed., Paying the piper: causes and consequences of art patronage, Univ. of Illinois Press, 1993, p.307. ISBN 978-0-252-06310-7.〕〔Jeffri, Joan, Philanthropy and the American artist: A historical overview, ''The European Journal of Cultural Policy'', 3(2), 2009, pp. 207-233.〕 In the 1960s that charismatic power started edging over to accommodate commercialized culture and a new industry of art, when aesthetic value fell from prominence to parity with Pop art and Andy Warhol's idea of business art, a recognition that art has become a business and making money in business is an art.〔Kuspit, Donald, (Art Values or Money Values? ), ARTnet.com, 2007-03-06.〕〔Jeffri, Joan, ''Managing Uncertainty, The visual art market for contemporary art in the United States'', in Robertson, Iain, Understanding international art markets and management, Routledge, 2005, p. 127. ISBN 978-0-415-33956-8.〕 One of many artists to follow Warhol is Jeff Koons, a stockbroker turned artist who also borrowed imagery from popular culture and made millions.〔Littlejohn, David, Who is Jeff Koons and Why Are People Saying Such Terrible Things About Him? ''Artnews'', April 1993, p. 94.〕〔(Inflatable investments, The volatile art of Jeff Koons ), ''The Economist'', 2009-11-28.〕
For collectors, the emotional connection felt toward a work or collection creates subjective personal value.〔(How to Value Art ), artnet.com, retrieved 2011-11-21.〕 The weight assigned by such a collector to that subjective measure as a portion of a work's overall financial value may be greater than that by an art speculator not sharing the collector's emotional investment, however, non-economic value measures such as "Do I like it?" or "Does it speak to me?" still have economic effect because such measures can be deciding factors in a purchase.〔Campbell, R.A.J., (Art as a Financial Investment ), Erasmus Univ., Rotterdam, Maastricht Univ., 2007.〕
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